Vortex lattice in the crossover of a Bose gas from weak coupling to unitarity

Year: 2018

Authors: Adhikari S.K., Salasnich L.

Autors Affiliation: [Adhikari, S. K.] UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01140070 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
[Salasnich, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron Galileo Galilei, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy and CNR, INO, Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

Abstract: The formation of a regular lattice of quantized vortices in a fluid under rotation is a smoking-gun signature of its superfluid nature. Here we study the vortex lattice in a dilute superfluid gas of bosonic atoms at zero temperature along the crossover from the weak-coupling regime, where the inter-atomic scattering length is very small compared to the average distance between atoms, to the unitarity regime, where the inter-atomic scattering length diverges. This study is based on high-performance numerical simulations of the time-dependent nonlinear Schrodinger equation for the superfluid order parameter in three spatial dimensions, using a realistic analytical expression for the bulk equation of state of the system along the crossover from weak-coupling to unitarity. This equation of state has the correct weak-coupling and unitarity limits and faithfully reproduces the results of an accurate multi-orbital microscopic calculation. Our numerical predictions of the number of vortices and root-mean-square sizes are important benchmarks for future experiments.

Journal/Review: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS

Volume: 8      Pages from: 8825-1  to: 8825-11

KeyWords: Gross-Pitaevskii equation; Einstein condensation; Feshbach resonances; helium II; superconductors
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27146-1

Citations: 8
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