Optical constants of germanium antimony telluride (GST) in amorphous, crystalline, and intermediate states
Year: 2023
Authors: Frantz JA., Myers JD., Clabeau A., Bekele RY., Hong NA., Vincenti MA., Gandolfi M., Sanghera JS.
Autors Affiliation: US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA; Univ Res Fdn, 6411 Ivy Ln 110, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA; JA Woollam Co Inc, 311 South 7th St, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA; Univ Brescia, Dept Informat Engn, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; Ist Nazl Ottica, Consiglio Nazl Ric, Via Branze 45, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; Consorzio Nazl Interuniv Telecomunicazioni CNIT, Viale GP Usberti 181-A Sede Scientif Ingn-Palazzin, I-43124 Parma, Italy.
Abstract: The optical constants of germanium antimony telluride (GST), measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), for the spectral range of 350-30,000 nm are presented. Thin films of GST with composition Ge2Sb2Te5 are prepared by sputtering. As-deposited samples are amorphous, and when heated above the phase transition temperature near 150 degrees C, films undergo an amorphous to face-centered cubic crystalline phase transition. The optical constants and thicknesses of amorphous and crystalline GST films are determined from multi-angle SE measurements, applying a general oscillator model in both cases. Then, in order to evaluate the optical constants at intermediate states throughout the phase transition, GST films are heated in situ on a temperature stage, and single-angle SE measurements are carried out at discrete temperature steps in a range from 120-158 degrees C. It is shown that ellipsometric data for partially crystallized states can be fit by treating the GST as an effective medium consisting of its amorphous and crystalline states. Its optical constants, fractional crystallinity, and thickness can be determined at intermediate crystallization states throughout the phase transition. As a practical demonstration of the usefulness of this method, samples are held at fixed temperatures near the transition temperature, and SE is performed periodically. The fraction of crystallinity is determined as a function of time, and an activation energy for the amorphous to crystalline phase transition is determined.(c) 2023 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement
Journal/Review: OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
Volume: 13 (12) Pages from: 3631 to: 3640
More Information: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (6.2 base funding) ; FESR o FSE, PON Ricerca e Innovazione 2014-2020 (DM 1062/2021).KeyWords: Phase-change-materials; Ge2sb2te5DOI: 10.1364/OME.506019ImpactFactor: 2.800Citations: 3data from “WEB OF SCIENCE” (of Thomson Reuters) are update at: 2024-12-08References taken from IsiWeb of Knowledge: (subscribers only)Connecting to view paper tab on IsiWeb: Click hereConnecting to view citations from IsiWeb: Click here