Collective excitations of self-gravitating ultralight dark matter cores

Year: 2025

Authors: Salasnich L., Yakimenko A.

Autors Affiliation: Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron Galileo Galilei, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy; CNR, Ist Nazl Ott INO, Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Dept Phys, 64-13 Volodymyrska St, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine.

Abstract: A distinctive feature of ultralight bosonic dark matter is its ability to form a Bose-Einstein condensate with a dense, stationary configuration at the center of galactic halos. In this work, we investigate the internal dynamics of such cores by numerically solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations within a fully self-consistent gravitational framework, accounting for both gravitational potential perturbations and local self-interactions. We demonstrate that the solitonic core supports a discrete spectrum of well-defined collective modes. These oscillations characterize the linear response of the core to perturbations and may influence various dynamical processes. We also discuss potential astrophysical implications of these excitations on galactic scales.

Journal/Review: PHYSICS OF THE DARK UNIVERSE

Volume: 49      Pages from: 101973-1  to: 101973-10

More Information: The authors thank E. Gorbar and K. Korshynska for useful discussions. The authors are partially supported by Iniziativa Specifica Quantum of INFN and by the Project Frontiere Quantistiche (Dipartimenti di Eccellenza) of the Italian Ministry for Universities and Research. LS is partially supported by funds of the European Union-Next Generation EU: European Quantum Flagship Project PASQuanS2, National Center for HPC, Big Data and Quantum Computing [Spoke 10: Quantum Computing] . AY is supported by PRIN Project Quantum Atomic Mixtures: Droplets, Topological Structures, and Vortices.
KeyWords: Ultralight dark matter; Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson equations; Self-gravitating condensate; Fuzzy dark matter
DOI: 10.1016/j.dark.2025.101973